Electric motor.



PA'IENTED JAN. 31, 1905.

B. SAMUELS.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1904.

No. 781,622. PATENTED JAN. 31, 1905.

B. SAMUELS. ELECTRIC MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1 2w; mM $1 Patented January 31. 1905,

U ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BARNEY SAMUELS, OF LEAVENVVORTH. KANSAS. ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TO DAVIDSAMUELS, OF LEAVENlVORTH, KANSAS.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 781,622, dated January31, 1905.

Application filed May 31, 1904. Serial No. 210,380.

1'0 (M w/tom, it may concern:

Be it known that I. BARNEY SAMUELs,a citizen of the United States,residing at Leavenworth, in the county of Leavenworth and State ofKansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ElectricMotors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in electric motors; and my objectis to provide a motor of simple and durable construction which can beoperated with less battery-power than is consumed bymotors of the usualtype.

While the invention is designed more es pecially as an improvement overmotors having Z-armatures, it contains certain features that can beemployed to advantage on motors of other types and also on relays.

The novel features of the invention reside more particularly in theconstruction of the poles of the magnetic field,the armature, and acircuit-breaker for cutting out a number of the battery-cells just priorto the armature contacting with the poles.

In order that the invention may be readily understood,reference will nowbe made to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents aplan view of a motor embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevationof the same, showing the operation of the armature and thecircuit-breaker by dotted lines taken on line I] II of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isa detail front elevation of the circuitbreaker. Fig. 4. is a detailsectional view taken on line IV IV of Fig. 1, showing how one of. thecircuit-wires is connected to the frame of the motor. Fig. 5 is an endview of the motor, and Fig. 6 shows adiagram of the circuits.

In carrying out the invention I mount the motor upon a frame Lcomprisinga triangular base 2. a vertical portion 3. and a curved arm 4,extendingforwardly from vertical portion 3 and provided at its upper ,end with abearing 5.

6 designates an electromagnet secured at its opposite ends to the rearends of apairof irregular-shaped poles 7 7,comprising parallel members 88, inclined parallel members 9 9", secured to the forward ends ofmembers 8 8, andreversely-disposed members 10 10, secured to the outerends of members 9 9, respectively. Inclined members 9 9 are arranged atright angles to members 8 8 and have beveled inner ends terminatinginobtuse angles 11 11 near the opposite sides of a shaft 12, journaled invertical portion 3 and bearing 5. Member 10 is longer than member 10 andboth have reduced terminals 13 13 for a purpose hereinafter described.Said members extend at right angles to members 9 9*, as shown in Fig. 2.The under side of member 9 and the upper side of member 9 haveprojecting stops 14.

15 designates an armature rigidly mounted at its central portion uponshaft 12. Said armature tapers toward its opposite end portions 16 16,which latter are enlarged and terminate in beveled edges 17. End portion16 has a pin 18 extending inwardly toward vertical portion 3.

19 designates a rectangular piece of fiber or other insulating materialsecured on top of vertical portion 3 near one end of the latter andprovided with a circuit-breaker comprising two binding-posts 2O 21 and acontactbreaker comprising two members 22 23, secured at one end to saidposts. Member 22 is composed, preferably, of stiff metal, while member23 consists of spring metal, so it may be depressed out of cont-act withits companion by pin 18 when the armature is drawn into contact withstops I I. Contact member 23 is considerably longer than its companionin order that its free end may be readily depressed without materiallyretarding the armature when pin 18 contacts with and holds said member23 out of contact with its companion. i

In the diagram Fig. 6 the battery consists of two sets of cells 24 25,connected inseries of three with circuit-wires 26 27 28. The current iscontrolled by a switch 29 in circuit with wire 26. hen the switch isclosed. the

current flows from both sets of cells through wire 28, members 22 23 ofthe contact-breaker. wire 30, electromagnet 6, and back to the batterythrough wire 26. The current in passing through the electromagnetenergizes the latter, so that the lines of force emanz'tting therefromwill flow through members 8 and 9 of pole 7 and pass over to armature 15from terminals 11 13, at which points the lines of force willconcentrate, owing to the air-gap existing between the other portions-ofthe pole and the armature. This concentration of the lines of force atterminals 11 it will atg tract the armature and cause it to rotate inthe direction of arrow (1/, Fig. 2, which movement brings its upper halfclose to terminals 11 13 of pole 7, so the lines of force will flow fromthe armature through said pole back to the electromagnet. As thearmature approaches terminal 13 the free passage of the lines of forcefrom the former to the latter will accelerate the speed of the armature,and as the latter nears the broad surface of members 9 9"its speed isfurther increased by the strong attraction of the lines of force flowingthrough said members until it finally contacts with stops lt. After thearmature has approached members 9 9 sutliciently close to permituninterrupted How of the lines of force througlrsaid members and thearmature the lines of force will diminish in members 10 10 until theycease to ljn'idge the air-gap between said members and the beveled ends17 of the armature. Consequently the latter will not be retarded by thecounteracting influence which the lines of force in members 10 10 wouldotherwise exert on the armature if its ends were square and paralleledsaid members. Pin 18 contacts with and depresses the resilient member 23of the circuit-breaker out of contact with rigid member 22 just beforethe armature contacts with stops M. The breaking of the contact betweenmembers 22 23 cuts out cells 25 of the battery, so the current from thelatter will leave cells 24: and pass through wire 27, binding-post31,frame 1, armature 15, pin 18, member 23,wire 30, electromagnet6,andreturn to cells 24 through wire 26. While I. have shown the cells of thebattery connected in such a manner that but one-half their number willbe cut out by the movement of the arn'iature, I have found in practicethat but one-third or less of the batterypower is required to hold thearmature in contact with stops 1%, because the broad opposing surfacesof the armature and members 9 9 afford a wide path for the free flow ofthe lines of force. Owing to the peculiar construction of the armatureand members 9 9, it is possible to operate my motor with lessconsumption of battery-power than required in the operation of a motorcontaining the usual Z-armature, because in the latter construction thelines of force tlow almost at right angles to the travel of the armatureon account of the helical ends of the latter paralleling the concavepoles of the magnet. In the present construction the armature is startedby the attraction exerted thereon by the lines of force, j flowingthrough terminals 11 13, the armature, and terminal 11. Then as the flatsides of the armature approach the broad surface of members 9 9 thelines of force will leave the narrow members 10 .10 for the broader pathpresented by members 9 9. lousequently the lines of force will exert apull on the armature almost in direct line with its movement. Thecircuit is broken by throwing switch 29 to pin 32, which demagnetizesthe electromagnet and permits the armature to resume its normalposition. Fig. 2. As end 16 of the armature moves upwardly pin 18 iscarried out of engagement with member 23 and permits it to spring upinto contact with its companion 22.

In motors requiring but a limited movement of the armature members 10 10may be dispensed with. These members will also be dispensed with whenthe motor is to act as a relay, and when employedin the latter capacityit of course will be provided with the customary circuit-ln'eakers.

End 16 of the armature is made slightly heavier than end 16, so it willswing down against stop 33 when the current is broken.

The circuit-breaker, con'nn-ising members 20, 21, 22, and 23, may bedispensed with on small motors requiring but little batterypower fortheir operation, as the saving in power obtained by cutting out one cellafter the armature has contacted with stops 14K is hardly suflicient towarrant its use.

Having thus described my invention, what 1 claim, and desire to secureby Letters 'Pat ent, is

l. A motor consisting of an electromagnet, poles secured to the oppositeends of said magnet terminating at their inner ends in obtuse angles,and an armature pivotally mounted between said poles.

2. A motor consistingof an electromagnet, poles secured to the oppositeends of said magnet terminating at their outer ends in rightangularreversely-disposed members, and an armature pivotally mounted betweensaid poles.

A motor consisting of an electroimignet, poles secured theretoterminating at their inner ends in obtuse angles and at their outer endsin reversely-disposed right-angular members, and an armature pivotallymounted between said poles.

4. A motor consisting of an electromagnet, poles comprising a pair ofparallel members secured to the opposite sides of the magnet, and a pairof inclined members arranged at right angles to the parallel members,and an armature pivotally mounted between the inclined members.

5. A motor consisting of an electric magnet, poles comprising a pair ofparallel members secured to the opposite sides of the magnet, inclinedmembers secured at right angles to the parallel members, andreversely-disposed members secured at right angles to the inclinedmembers; and an armature piv'otally mounted between the inclinedmembers.

6. A motor consisting of an electric magnet, poles secured to saidmagnet, and an armature pivotally mounted between said poles andprovided with enlarged terminals.

7. A motor consisting of an electric magnet, poles secured to the magnetprovided with reversely-disposcd right-angular members, and an armaturepivotally mounted between the poles having beveled ends for forming anairgap between the armature and the reverselydisposed members as thearmature approaches the poles.

8. A motor consisting of an electric magnet, poles secured thereto, anarmature pivotally mounted between said poles, and a circuitbreakersecured to the motor adjacent to the armature adapted to be operated bythe latter.

9. A motor consisting of an electric magnet, poles secured thereto, anarmature pivotally mounted between said poles, and a circuitbreakersecured to the motor consisting of two members one of which is arrangedin the path of the motor.

10. A motor consisting of an electric magnet, poles secured thereto, anarmature pivot ally mounted between said poles, and a circuit-breakersecured to the motor consisting of two members one of which is resilientand arranged in the path of the motor.

11. A current-conducting circuit, a motor connected therein providedwith an armature, and means in the circuit arranged in the path of thearmature for cutting out a portion of the current.

121A current-conducting circuit, a motor connected therein provided witha pivotally mounted armature, and a circuit-breaker connected in thecircuit consisting of two members one of which is arranged in the pathof the armature so it will be separated from its companion on theoperation of the armature.

13. A motor provided with an armature, a circuit-breaker having twomembers one of which is resilient and arranged in the path of thearmature, a battery composed of two sets of cells, andcircuit-comluctors connecting the motor and circuit-breaker to the cellsin such a manner that the combined force of the latter will be utilizedin starting the armature after which one set of cells will be cut out bythe separation of the members of the circuitbreaker.

14. A motor comprising a triangular base, poles secured theretoconsisting of two parallel members, inclined parallel members socured tothe first-mentioned ones, and reversely-disposed parallel memberssecured to the outer ends of the inclined members; an armature pivotallymounted between the inclined members, and a circuit-breaker arranged inthe path of the armature.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

BARNEY SAMUELS.

\Vitnesses:

PETER J. MoNAeHAN, F. Ur. FISCHER.

